In this section, Gülhan offers a summary of the history of botany from Greek philosophers to Islamic scholars, helping readers understand plant science during Avicenna’s time. Central to this work is an in-depth analysis of the Book of Plants, part of the Natural Sciences section of The Book of Healing. Using modern biological concepts, Gülhan provides explanations of Avicenna’s approach to plant life, nutrition, organ formation, reproduction, and the classification of fruits and plant groups.